Indonesia has over 15 million ha of peatlands, which
is over 12% of its forest land spreading across islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan,
Sulawesi and Papua. This is the largest tropical peat land in the world,
followed by Democratic Republic of Congo, with the peatland area reaches 9
million ha, and the Republic of Congo with the area reaches about 5.5 million
ha (Miles et al., 2017).
Peatland can be defined as soil formed from the
accumulation of organic matters such as the remnants of plant tissue that
lasted for a long time (Kelompok Kerja Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Nasional, 2006).
According to Government Regulation (GR) No. 71 of 2014 that has been amended by
GR No. 57 of 2016 on the Protection and Management of Peat Ecosystem, peatland
is defined as a naturally occurring organic material of plant residues that
decomposes imperfectly and accumulates in swamps. Furthermore, the regulation also
defines peat ecosystem as the order of peatland components that forms an
integrated system affecting one another and forming a balance, stability, and
productivity.