SUBSECTOR FINANCING

JPMorgan Chase was also the top banker over the past three years of three spotlight oil and gas subsectors: Arctic oil and gas, ultra-deepwater oil and gas, and LNG. Our research shows an uptick in overall bank financing for Arctic oil and gas last year, which is worrisome considering the Trump regime’s attempts to open up the Arctic Refuge for drilling, as described on page 38. JPMorgan Chase is the biggest banker of Arctic oil and gas by a long shot, followed by Deutsche Bank and SMBC Group.

FOSSIL FUEL FINANCE REPORT CARD 2019

In October 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a sobering report on the devastating impacts our world will face with 1.5° Celsius of warming — let alone 2°C — while setting out the emissions trajectory the nations of the world need to take if we are to have any shot at keeping to that 1.5°C limit. This 10th edition of the annual fossil fuel finance report card, greatly expanded in scope, reveals the paths banks have taken in the past three years since the Paris Agreement was adopted, and finds that overall bank financing continues to be aligned with climate disaster.

A NEW NATURE-HUMAN RELATIONSHIP

A critical environmental education consists of developing, not only among youth, but the population in general, the capacities to analyze educational propositions regarding the environment and dominant environmental discourses to decode hidden ideological orientations, the beliefs and interests that direct them, and which implicitly tend to reproduce the practices that are nevertheless the ones that would be necessary to shift to a different kind of relationship between nature and human beings. The reference to science and technological transfers as the main answer to defining and correcting the problem is insufficient to correct a situation that requires that humans also question the philosophic foundations, sociological, political, and economic dimensions of the regulation of climate. To reproduce the same economic logic is denounced by many as incapable of correcting the shameless exploitation of nature and human beings that are at the heart of the environmental crisis.

ANALISIS DAMPAK METANA BAGI KEHIDUPAN

Metana merupakan gas yang terbentuk oleh adanya ikatan kovalen antara empat atom H dengan satu atom C. Metana merupakan suatu alkana. Alkana secara umum mempunyai sifat sukar bereaksi (memiliki afinitas kecil) sehingga biasa disebut sebagai parafin. Sifat lain dari alkana adalah mudah mengalami reaksi pembakaran sempurna dengan oksigen menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida (CO₂) dan uap air (H₂O) dengan reaksi:

CH_{4 (g}) + O_{2 (g)} à  CO_{2 (g)} + H₂O _(g)

Metana merupakan gas yang tidak berwarna, sehingga tidak bisa dilihat dengan mata telanjang. Tetapi metana dapat diidentifikasi melalui indra penciuman karena baunya yang khas. Sebenarnya gas metana berada di sekitar kita. Beberapa di antaranya akan saya sebutkan di sini.

PERJANJIAN PARIS

Untuk mengefektifkan pelaksanaan Konvensi Perubahan Iklim, pada pertemuan COP-13 tahun 2007 di Bali, Indonesia, dihasilkan Bali Action Plan, yang diantaranya menyepakati pembentukan The Ad Hoc WorkingGroup on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWGLCA). AWG-LCA bertujuan mengefektifkan kerangka kerjasama jangka panjang sampai dengan tahun 2012 dan setelah tahun 2012.