MITIGASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM

Ancaman utama dari perubahan iklim adalah pertumbuhan populasi manusia, yang diperkirakan sekitar 35 persen antara tahun 2006 hingga 2050. Dalam periode yang sama, FAO memproyeksikan bahwa jumlah peternakan di seluruh dunia akan meningkat dua kali lipat, sehingga emisi GRK terkait peternakan juga akan meningkat kurang lebih dua kali lipat (atau meningkat sedikit lebih kecil bila semua rekomendasi FAO diterapkan sepenuhnya), sementara secara luas diharapkan bahwa GRK dari industri-industri lain akan turun. Hal ini akan menyebabkan jumlah emisi terkait peternakan bahkan lebih tidak dapat diterima dibandingkan tingkat saat ini yang sudah membahayakan. Hal ini juga berarti bahwa strategi yang efektif harus melibatkan penggantian produk peternakan dengan alternatif yang lebih baik, alih-alih hanya mengganti satu produk daging dengan produk daging lainnya yang dianggap lebih rendah jejak karbonnya.

WAYS TO MINIMIZE WASTE

The best way to avoid the environmental problems of solid waste disposal is to desist from generating wastes in the frst instance. Pollution prevention programs aimed at this objective have become widespread. Recycling and reuse of materials are ways to avoid waste generation. At the residential level recycling programs for newspapers, glass, and metal containers have been implemented. However, some municipal programs have been criticized for increasing environmental emissions of air pollutants from the fuel combustion.

The ultimate land disposal methods used for municipal solid wastes are land flling, land farming, and deep well injection. Land flling of solid wastes involves the controlled disposal of solid wastes on or in the upper layer of the Earth’s mantle, which has been excavated to a depth of about 13 ft. (4 m.). When solid wastes are placed in sanitary landflls, biological, chemical, and physical processes occur. Biological decay of organic materials occurs by either aerobic or anaerobic processes, resulting in the evolution of gases or liquids. The chemical oxidation of waste materials occurs, dissolving and leaching of organic and inorganic materials by water and leachate moving through the fll also occur.

KOTA ASAP CELUKAN BAWANG

Merupakan suatu keniscayaan bahwa kebutuhanakan listrik di Indonesia khususnya di Bali semakin hari semakin berkembang dan menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dalam kehidupan masyarakat sehari-hari, yang seiring dengan pesatnya pembangunan di bidang teknologi, industri dan informasi. Namun pada kenyataannya di lapangan, penyediaan akan energi listrik yang dilakukanoleh PT. PLN (Persero), selaku lembaga resmi yang ditunjuk oleh pemerintah untuk mengelola masalah kelistrikan di Indonesia, sampai saat ini masih belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat akan energi listrik secara maksimal.

TYPES OF WASTE

Litter is waste material dumped in public places such as streets, parks, picnic areas, bus stops, and near shops.The accumulation of waste threatens the health of people in residential areas. Waste decays, encourages household pests, and turns urban areas into unsightly, dirty, and unhealthy places to live in. The following measures can be used to control land pollution. Antilitter campaigns can educate people against littering, organic waste can be dumped in places far from residential areas, and inorganic materials such as metals, glass, paper, and plastic can be reclaimed and recycled.

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, SOLAR

Solar energy refers to forms of energy emitted by the sun, including light, radio waves, and x-rays. Accounting for 99.8 percent of the mass in our solar system, the sun is a self-sustaining nuclear fusion reaction by which hydrogen is converted to helium. Every second, the sun converts over 4 million metric tons of matter into solar energy. This matter is converted and released from the sun in the form of radiation waves that travel through the void of space and eventually reach earth. The radiant energy that eventually reaches the earth’s surface is estimated around 1,000 watts per sq. m. The sun is similar to a fusion reactor that emits 3,800 million, million, million, million watts of energy each second, which is 20,000 times the energy requirement of the world.

TEKNIK MENANAM DENGAN VERTIKULTUR

Sesuai dengan asal katanya dari bahasa Inggris, yaitu vertical dan culture, maka vertikultur adalah sistem budidaya pertanian yang dilakukan secara vertikal atau bertingkat, baik indoor maupun outdoor. Sistem budidaya pertanian secara vertikal atau bertingkat ini merupakan konsep penghijauan yang cocok untuk daerah perkotaan dan lahan terbatas. Misalnya, lahan 1 meter mungkin hanya bisa untuk menanam 5 batang tanaman, dengan sistem vertikal bisa untuk 20 batang tanaman. Vertikultur tidak hanya sekadar kebun vertikal, namun ide ini akan merangsang seseorang untuk menciptakan khasanah biodiversitas di pekarangan yang sempit sekalipun. Struktur vertikal, memudahkan pengguna membuat dan memeliharanya. Pertanian vertikultur tidak hanya sebagai sumber pangan tetapi juga menciptakan suasana alami yang menyenagkan.

TOURISM AND GLOBAL WARMING

The relationship between tourism and global warming is a paradoxical one: global warming has become a threat to tourism, yet tourism remains a major cause of global warming. Tis vicious circle is well known to all stakeholders of the tourism industry, but implementing meaningful change has proven difficult because of three types of resistance: politico economic resistance (from policymakers in regions and countries that rely heavily on tourism as a source of income), commercial resistance (from the tourism industry itself), and sociocultural resistance (from tourists who are not ready to change their behavior).

GREEN CHEMISTRY

There are many ways in which chemistry has helped to reduce CO₂ emissions and helped adaptation to a changing climate. Iron fertilization experiments aim to reduce the concentration of atmospheric CO2 by promoting the growth of phytoplankton in oligotrophic regions of the ocean, where primary production is supposedly limited by the iron supply, such as in the Southern Ocean. Some paleontology researchers have shown a link between large quantities of iron in the air and the onset of ice ages. On frst discovering of this, according to J.H. Martin and S.E. Fitzwater, the lead oceanographer in the project commented on the strong link between iron and planetary temperature saying, “Give me a half a tanker of iron and I’ll give you the next ice age.

GLOBAL WARMING

Global warming is a term that is used to refer to an increase in Earth’s average surface temperature. It is due mostly to the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere by human-fuelled activities such as increased fossil fuel consumption leading to the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂), the increasing use of automobiles, the use of nitrogen base fertilizers,and rearing and breeding large methane-belching cattle. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, water vapor, halocarbons (chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons), methane, and ozone have the capability of absorbing infrared radiation

from the Earth’s surface, thereby altering the heat balance of the Earth.

BIAYA TERSEMBUNYI DARI EKSPLOITASI BURUH KELAPA SAWIT

Minyak sawit adalah minyak nabati yang dapat dikonsumsi, memiliki lemak jenuh tinggi yang berasal dari buah pohon kelapa sawit Afrika. Minyak sawit dan turunannya dipergunakan dalam berbagai macam produk yang dijual di Amerika Serikat dan di seluruh dunia seperti kue, biskuit, cokelat, sereal dan kue untuk sarapan, tepung kue siap saji, donat, keripik kentang, mie instan, manisan dan makanan beku, susu formula, margarin, deterjen, sabun, dan produk perawatan pribadi lainnya. Minyak sawit ditemukan di hampir setengah dari semua produk-produk dalam kemasan yang dijual di toko kelontong.